厦门外国语2021-2022学年高三上学期期中考
英语
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每句所给的ABCD四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
If you suddenly find yourself working from home or another remote location, you're going to miss those interactions with other people. Video conferencing can help by allowing you to talk face-to-face, even if it is via a screen. Jitsi is one of those free video conferencing apps you can use to connect.
Jitsi is a set of open-source projects that allows you to easily build and deploy secure videoconferencing solutions. At the heart of Jitsi are Jitsi Videobridge and Jitsi Meet, which let you have conferences on the internet, while other projects in the community enable other features such as audio, dial-in, recording, and simulcasting.
Jitsi started life as a way to talk to people over the internet using audio and video. Over the course of a decade, though, it's become so much more. Today, Jisi is:
A vibrant developer community.
First and foremost, Jitsi is a community of developers that are pushing the envelope of video conferencing quality on the web.
The foundation of some really amazing products.
The community members have developed countless projects and products that started with Jitsi code.
A crazy good, completely free video conferencing solution that anyone can use.
Jitsi is a favorite videoconferencing solution for anyone with privacy concerns, journalists, for example. There's a reason so many people use Jitsi Meet as a Skype alternative for video conferencing.
Unlike other videoconferencing technologies, Jitsi Videobridge, the heart of Jitsi, passes everyone’s video and audio to all participants, rather than mixing them first. Currently, Jitsi supports a maximum of up to 75 participants per call, although performance may suffer with more than 35. The project is working on “going beyond 100” participants at once. The service supports phone in audio participants in both the hosted and self-hosted versions. The service supports screen sharing and has mobile apps for iPhone and Android.
Now Jitsi has surpassed 10 million monthly average users. There are no extra payments to Jitsi, and the project remains free thanks to 8x8 （a company）, which uses the technology in its own products.
1. The central services of Jitsi lie in ________.
A. a set of open-source projects B. world's best video conferences
C. free features like audio and dial-in D. Jitsi Videobridge and Jitsi Meet
2. From the passage, we know ________.
A. Jitsi helps with the privacy problem in videoconferencing
B. Jitsi mixes everyone's video and audio to all participants
C. Jitsi supports screen sharing in the hosted version
D. Jitsi works on 100 participants at most right now
3. Jitsi is a completely free app because ________.
A. it has surpassed 10 million monthly average users
B. 8x8 uses the technology in its own products
C. only paid apps can ensure users' privacy
D. users have limited access to Jitsi
B
We have learned to expect that trains will be punctual. After years of conditioning （习惯）, most of us have developed an unshakable faith in railway timetables. Ships may be delayed by storms； flights may be cancelled because of bad weather； but trains must be on time. Only an exceptionally heavy snowfall might temporarily dislocate railway services. It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities when something does go wrong. The truth is that when mistakes occur, they are more likely to be oursthan theirs.
After consulting my railway timetable, I noted with satisfaction that there was an express train to Westhaven. It went direct from my local station and the journey lasted a mere hour and seventeen minutes. When I boarded the train, I could not help noticing that a great many local people got on as well. At the time, this didn’t strike me as odd. I reflected that there must be a great many people besides myself who wished to take advantage of this excellent service. Neither was I surprised when the train stopped at Widley, a tiny station a few miles along the line. Even a mighty express train can be held up by signals. But when the train dawdled （慢吞吞地动） at station after station, I began to wonder. It suddenly dawned on me that this express was not roaring down the line at ninety miles an hour, but barely chugging （咔嚓咔嚓地响） along at thirty. One hour and seventeen minutes passed and we had not even covered half the distance. I asked a passenger if this was the Westhaven Express, but he had not even heard of it. I determined to lodge a complaint as soon as we arrived. Two hours later, I was talking angrily to the station master at Westhaven. When he denied the train’s existence, I borrowed his copy of the timetable. There was a note of triumph （胜利） in my voice when I told him that it was there in black and white. Glancing at it briefly, he told me to look again. A tiny asterisk （星号） conducted me to a footnote at the bottom of the page. It said: “This service has been suspended.”
4. What is most people’s faith in trains?
A. They rarely fail us in their punctuality .
B. They trick passengers for various reasons.
C. They are just as reliable as ships and flights.
D. They never come up to our expectations.
5. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 suggest?
A. I wasn’t interested. B. I wasn’t surprised.
C. I was quite annoyed. D. I was deeply impressed.
6. Which of the following words best describes the author’s experience?
A. Pleasant. B. Rewarding.
C. Thrilling. D. Disappointing.
7. Who or what was to blame for the author’s taking the “wrong” train?
A. The railway authorities. B. The author himself.
C. The railway timetable. D. The station master.
C
While many people aren't getting enough calcium, new research cautions that some people may have the opposite problem: They could be getting too much. Americans spend more than $1 billion a year on calcium supplements in hopes of delaying osteoporosis the brittle bone disease that cripples many elderly women and some men. Yet recent studies link calcium supplements to a higher risk of heart attacks. Last month, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force issued a draft recommendation against taking calcium and vitamin D, saying there wasn't enough evidence of benefit to justify the risk.
For generations of Americans who grew up encouraged to drink milk to maintain strong bones, the reports raised troubling questions: Is calcium not so important after all?! Are the supplements unsafe? And how much is too much? “It's gotten very confusing but it doesn't need to be,” says Ethel Siris, director of the Toni Stabile Osteoporosis Center in New York. How much calcium people need varies by age and gender.“Adults generally need 1,000 mg daily, rising to 1,200 mg for women over 50 and men over 70, according to guidelines issued in 2010. Children need 1,300 mg daily during the peak growing years of 9 to 18.”
People also need sufficient levels of vitamin D to absorb the calcium. The IOM recommends 600 interactional units a day for most adults, and 800 daily after age 70, although many physicians recommend more. It is difficult to take in that much vitamin D from food sources, so experts say many people should take vitamin D in supplement form.
Getting adequate calcium from food is easier. For example, 8 ounces of milk or 6 ounces of yogurt has 300 mg of calcium, and one cup of spinach has 270 mg.
But studies linking calcium supplements to heart attack have made experts more cautious of excess calcium than before. A study of 24,000 Germans published in the journal Heart last month, found that those who got their calcium exclusively from supplements were more than twice as likely to have a heart attack as those who took no supplements.
Exactly how calcium supplements might contribute to heart attacks bafflescardiologists. “Nobody has associated the calcium in your bloodstream with calcification in your arteries," says Nieca Goldberg, medical director of the Joan H. Tisch Center. Still, she says she now urges patients get their recommended calcium from food than from supplements to avoid possible problems.
Osteoporosis experts also urge patients not to take more than the recommended amount of calcium. “People should definitely stop taking two big calcium supplements a day,” says Dr. Dawson-Hughes. Even if the risks remain unclear, taking more than the body can absorb doesn't benefit bones, “so it's not worth any risk.” She adds.
8. According to the new studies, taking much calcium might ________.
A. delay aging B. build muscles
C. cause heart problems D. cure bone diseases
9. What is Ethel Siris' opinion on taking calcium?
A. Taking calcium supplements is unsafe.
B. Adults need more calcium than children.
C. Age and gender determine how much calcium is needed.
D. It is safer to take calcium from food than from supplements.
10. What does the underlined word "baffle" in Paragraph 6 mean?
A. Interest B. Amaze
C. Frighten D. Puzzle
11. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Taking two calcium supplements a day is good for health.
B. It might be wiser to take recommended calcium from food.
C. It is easy for people to obtain enough Vitamin D from food.
D. The benefits of taking calcium supplements outweigh its risks.
D
The world’s clocks mark every passing second, minute and hour. But to humans, seconds of pain can feel like minutes, and hours spent at a party can end in a blink.
The brain can stretch or squeeze the feeling of time for many reasons, including pleasure, pain, fear and age. Although the science behind this “subjective time” is not fully understood, some research suggests that an additional factor might influence the subjective length of your life: your income.
Research already suggests that, on average, wealthy people live longer, biologically. Now, emerging work indicates that varied and novel experiences could create more “time codes （编码）” in the human brain as it processes memory formation. This, in turn, could mean that people who can afford to enjoy more vacations and hobbies, and who have more stimulating jobs, will recall having lived for a longer time on Earth.
“Even though time flies when you’re having fun, when you look back on it, you can remember much more of this extended experience compared to a boring experience,” says Jorgen Sugar, a postdoctoral student at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology's Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience. He’s part of a team of scientists investigating these mental time codes.
The idea that novelty can affect the experience of time also seems to fit cultures that don't measure time using clocks — many cultures rely instead on celestial （天空的）, cultural and seasonal events to mark the flow of time. “Our experience of time does vary according to circumstances, and also according to the kind of rhythm of activity we engage in,” says Chris Sinha, a cognitive （认知） scientist working with Hunan University who has studied so called “event-based time” in Amazonian tribes and linguistic minority groups in China.
But other experts aren’t convinced. According to Monica Capri, an economist with a background in neuro-economies at Claremont Graduate University, subjective time isn’t well understood scientifically. Even if higher-paid jobs can lead to more new experiences, wealthy people aren’t necessarily spending money that way. A millionaire, for instance, may spend money on a fancy watch, but this isn’t likely to change their feeling of time the way a vacation or even a low-cost hike would, she says.
What’s more, she says, there are many factors to consider in how the brain processes time. For instance, according to Adrian Bejan, a professor at Duke University, the novelty of fun experiences an simply war off.
Still, researchers from many fields are eager to uncover the mysteries of memory and subjective time. According to Sugar, understanding how humans form and recall memories can affect many aspects of society, such as law, education and healthcare — and perhaps can even aid our understanding of ourselves. “The human brain is the most complex biological system we know,” he says.
12. What do we know about “subjective time” from the passage?
A. It has nothing to do with one’s income.
B. Its pace is influenced by a person’s mood.
C. It is a thing that is completely understood.
D. It marks every passing second for a person.
13. How can income influence a person according to some researchers?
A. Wealthy people tend to engage more in remembering things.
B. Wealthy people may feel life is relatively longer psychologically.
C. Wealthy people tend to have a better memory than poor people.
D. Wealthy people usually need more time to process memory formation.
14. What is Monica Capra’s opinion?
A. She is not convinced that money can extend subjective time,
B. She doesn’t believe that wealthy people can buy good memories.
C. She thinks that the excitement of fun experiences can hardly wear off.
D. She doubts whether higher-paid jobs can lead to more new experiences.
15. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Researchers arc exploring the mysteries of memory.
B. Many factors can influence how you feel time.
C. Your subjective time may depend on your income.
D. The brain can change your feeling of time.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Cat behavior can often be puzzling and confusing to humans___16___Veterinarian Dr Katrina Warren shares her expertise on some common and strange cat behaviors to help you understand why your cat behaves the way it does.
Scratching is a natural behavior for cats, It’s how they make their paws sharper. If cats do not have a suitable surface to scratch, they will choose your furniture or carpet. To protect your furniture, provide at least two scratching posts. These posts need to be stable so they don’t rock or tip over. ___17___Cats tend to scratch when they wake in the morning, so place one post close to where they sleep.
Cats love high placeswhich give them a sense of safety and allow them to watch everything going below. ___18___And make sure you have several cat items in front of windows so your cat can look outside. If your cat can watch from high up and see the world outside of his home, he is less likely to climb onto the kitchen cupboard and knock down the bowls.
___19___They have the surprising ability to tie themselves in knots without any difficulty. They curl up in unconventional beds, like vases, because they have special bones on the back that allow them to do this. And they take great pride in showing this to you continuously.
If cats eat grassthere are several reasons. They may be seeking the nutrients in the grass have an upset stomach, inducing vomiting（催吐）. It is not a problem if your cat enjoys eating ensure it hasn't been treated with pesticides. Alternatively, offer your cat a pot of clean cat grass to chew, especially indoor cats. ___20___If you have any concerns about your cat's behavior or frequency vomiting, please talk with your vet,
A. Sleeping positions of cats are unusual
B. They need nutrients in the grass more.
C. Having a rough surface is also required.
D. This is available from most plant gardens.
E. However, there's often an explanation for their actions.
F. Meanwhile, high places offer them larger space to jump.
G. Put up several shelves so your cat can leap from one to another.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15 小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was taking a nap（小睡）when a loud noise woke me. Outside the window in a parking lot, a car had just backed up into a chain-link fence. The fence bent out in exactly the____21____of the car’s back end.
A short man wearing a shirt unbuttoned to ____22____his chest got out of the car, with a shaven head. I disliked him ____23____. After a few seconds of____24____the damage, the man tried to repair that. He first attempted to pull the ____25____fence back into place, but it wouldn’t move. I took a drink from the glass, ____26____cheering. Then he pulled against the fence’s support pole, which bent ____27____and was more likely to recover. But the pole suddenly broke. I laughed out loud this time. This was ____28____. He went back to his car. He must be going to leave all the____29____behind for someone else to tidy up.
That, I thought, would be the ____30____. But he reappeared a few minutes later with some tools and got to work using them. He fixed the fence, and even improved it using a support bar bought from a nearby grocery. Now it would be extra ____31____, stronger than before.
This man was actually a____32____for me, and I was the lazy one. My ____33____assumptions were all about myself. I wouldn’t fix that fence and would ____34____. Years later, I still look out of my window at that fence. It still looks new. And it makes me ____35____what else that man has made better, and how I can make myself more like him.
21. A. shape B. position C. case D. direction
22. A. cover B. protect C. exercise D. expose
23. A. on sight B. on demand C. by accident D. by contrast
24. A. witnessing B. handling C. assessing D. dismissing
25. A. fixed B. ruined C. stable D. noticeable
26. A. deliberately B. immediately C. silently D. wildly
27. A. slightly B. easily C. severely D. merely
28. A. impressive B. tough C. ridiculous D. strange
29. A. evidence B. chaos C. structure D. failure
30. A. end B. cost C. plan D. waste
31. A. beautiful B. secure C. useful D. complex
32. A. victim B. volunteer C. model D. master
33. A. shallow B. primary C. unusual D. uncaring
34. A. drop out B. leave off C. run away D. turn around
35. A. predict B. wonder C. doubt D. accept
非选择题部分（共55分）
第二节 单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
36. She requested that no one ________ （tell） of her decision until the next meeting. （所给词的适当形式填空）
37. Two factories were closed in an attempt ________（cut） costs. （所给词的适当形式填空）
38. It remains to be seen ________we can put aside differences and focus on common interests. （用适当的词填空）
39. The ________ （injure） man tried to speak but soon drifted into unconsciousness. （所给词的适当形式填空）
40. China is a developing socialist country ________（belong） to the third world. （所给词的适当形式填空）
41. The project was running late owing ________ unforeseen circumstances. （用适当的词填空）
42. Do me ________ favor, can you feed my cat this weekend? （用适当的词填空）
43. It was recognized that these ________ （solve）could only be temporary. （所给词的适当形式填空）
44. The school is ________（legal） responsible for your child’s safety. （所给词的适当形式填空）
45. ________is even more important is that they do not make their teachers' duties light enough. （用适当的词填空）
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是学校英文报记者李华，近期你校正在举行创建美丽校园活动，请你以"Beautiful Campus，Better Life" 为题，写一篇新闻稿报道本次活动。
内容包括∶1. 活动目的；2.活动内容∶创建环保与文明校园；3. 师生评价
注意∶1. 词数80左右，标题不计入总词数；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Beautiful Campus, Better Life
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一个完整的短文。
With all her big brothers and sisters off to school, our farm became a lonely place for ourthree-year-old daughter, Becky. She longed for playmates. We promised to buy her a puppy but in the meantime, "pretend" puppies popped up nearly every day.
I had just finished washing the lunch dishes when the door slammed and Becky rushed in, cheeks flushed with excitement. "Mama!" she cried," Come see my new doggy! I gave him water two times already. He's so thirty!"
I sighed, another of Becky's dogs.
"Please come, Mama." She pulled my jeans, her brown eyes begging, "He's crying—and he can't walk!" "Can't walk?" An unexpected change! All her previous imaginary dogs could do amazing things such as balancing a ball on the end of its nose and dancing on a tightrope. Why suddenly a dog that couldn't walk? "All right, honey," I said. By the time I tried to follow her, Becky had already disappeared into the bushes.
"Where are you?" I called.
"Over here by the oak stump（橡树桩）. Hurry, Mama!"
I parted the branches and raised my hand against the glare of the sun. A numbing chill （寒战）gripped me.
There she was, sitting on her heels, cradled （抱着）in her lap was the unmistakable head of a wolf!
"Becky," My mouth felt dry. "Don't move." I stepped closer. Pale-yellow eyes narrowed. Black lips tightened. Double sets of two-inch sharp teeth were exposed. Suddenly the wolf trembled. Its teeth clacked, and a painful cry rose from its throat.
"It's all right, boy,"Becky comforted lovingly."Don't be afraid. That's my mama, and she loves you, too."
注意∶1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 开头已经给出。
Paragraph 1：
Taking a closer look, I found the wolf stuck deep inside the stump.
Paragraph 2:
With Becky safe in my arms, I ran to our doctor Brian for help.
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